For example, if the concepts are combined as shown in Figure 8, then the possible design in Figure 9 results. This design could be very similar to a standard bicycle with an added solar cell canopy that shades the driver. The pedals of the bicycle would be removed and replaced by an electric motor that drives the vehicle forward.
Note that the combination of design elements often does not provide a complete design concept; decisions must be made to fill in the gaps. For example, if solar cells are included as part of a design, they could be placed on the vehicle or they could be part of a fixed charging station that charges a battery on the vehicle; the design team must decide which configuration would make the most sense.
The design concepts are explored to understand their characteristics. For example, exploring Concept 1, the solar-powered bicycle in Figure 9, leads to the following conclusions:. After concept selection, the team has a general design concept; they have decided how each subproblem will be addressed and have an overall understanding of the design.
Before the design can be manufactured, the team needs to develop the details of the design. A detailed design includes:. The development of a detailed design from a design concept may occupy the majority of time allocated to a new product design project.
This step will also have a significant impact on the success of the project; a poor detailed design can ruin a good design concept. In the process of developing a detailed design, the team may use many or all of the subsequent design steps of prototyping, testing, and refinement. This process may require many iterations as the testing of prototypes reveals previously unknown characteristics of the design. A major step in the process of going from a design concept to a detailed design is the development of the design architecture.
The design architecture is "the assignment of the functional elements of the product to the physical building blocks of the product" Eppinger and Ulrich, For example, one architectural decision for the SCV design is how to incorporate the solar array into the design.
Should the array be a separate physical block of the vehicle, for example creating the canopy structure in Figure 9, or should the array be created as an integral part of the frame? The first option represents a modular architecture, while the second option represents an integrated architecture. A prototype or model is a representation of some aspect of the design. The purpose of models and prototypes is to provide additional understanding of the design and its performance. A prototype may implement only a small portion of design or may be comprehensive and implement the whole design.
Eighth-graders should be able to use a more elaborate engineering design process, including problem definition, the use of prototypes, testing and iteration, and trade-offs. Twelfth-graders should have a deep understanding and a broad array of design skills, including optimization. Table 2. Often there are several solutions to a design challenge. Each one might be better in some way than the others.
For example, one solution might be safer, while another might cost less. It includes stating the challenge, generating ideas, choosing the best solution, making and testing models and prototypes, and redesigning. Often there are several possible solutions. Decisions on trade-offs involve systematic comparisons of all costs and benefits, and final steps may involve redesigning for optimization. Designing often involves making trade-offs between competing requirements and desired design features.
Evaluation is a process for determining how well a solution meets the requirements. Combine features to achieve the best solution. Identify the benefits of a design as well as the possible unintended consequences. Engineering Design Engineering design sometimes called technological design is an iterative, systematic process for solving problems that involves creativity, experience, and accumulated disciplinary knowledge.
Key principles in the area of Engineering Design that all students can be expected to understand at increasing levels of sophistication are: Engineering design is a systematic, creative, and iterative process for addressing challenges.
Designing includes identifying and stating the problem, need, or desire; generating ideas; evaluating ideas; selecting a solution; making and testing models or prototypes; redesigning; and communicating results. Lesson Plans Individual. Math Centers. Literacy Center Ideas. See All Resource Types. Bulletin Board Ideas. Fun Stuff. Graphic Organizers. Word Walls. Don't see what you looking for? Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page.
All Resource Types. Results for criteria and constraints in engineering design process 11 results. Sort: Relevance. Filter 1. The poster set features a classic blueprint colored blue graph paper background please view the preview to see the detail topped with a bold techno style frame that surrounds. Show more details. Wish List. Engineering Design Process Posters. Display these posters in your classroom to refer to throughout the year to help students understand how to go through the engineering design process.
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